Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and currently affects approximately 32 million people worldwide. Experts predict that by 2050, the number of patients could reach 152 million, making it a major public health challenge.
Although several medications are available today to help alleviate symptoms or slow cognitive decline in the early stages of the disease, there is still no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. As a result, scientists continue to explore new treatment options, including the use of low-dose lithium.
Recent findings published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry suggest that low doses of lithium may be beneficial for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. According to the researchers, lithium possesses not only psychiatric applications but also neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties that may help preserve brain cells.
It is well known that standard doses of lithium can cause side effects in some cases, particularly in older adults, affecting kidney and thyroid function. However, studies indicate that lower doses may provide some of the brain-protective benefits while posing fewer risks.
One of the main reasons scientists are interested in lithium is its potential impact on neurodegenerative processes. It may help slow structural and functional changes in the brain that gradually lead to cognitive decline. Research has shown that in people with bipolar disorder, lithium can prevent or, in some cases, even reduce brain volume loss. Scientists believe that similar mechanisms may also help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Lithium influences several biological pathways, including BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Bcl-2, and GSK-3 signaling systems, all of which play important roles in maintaining neuronal survival and limiting disease progression.
In addition to slowing neurodegeneration, lithium may enhance the brain’s natural protective mechanisms. Unlike some treatment approaches that target only one feature of Alzheimer’s disease, such as amyloid plaques, lithium may simultaneously affect multiple biological processes.
Specifically, it may improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, promote the removal of damaged proteins, and support neuronal survival. These effects may help vulnerable brain cells maintain their function despite the disease.
Independent experts have viewed these findings positively while emphasizing the need for further research. They note that one of lithium’s advantages is its ability to influence several disease mechanisms at the same time, whereas Alzheimer’s disease is a complex, multifactorial condition.
Furthermore, lithium has been used in medical practice for many years, making it relatively affordable and accessible compared with some newer treatment approaches.
Nevertheless, experts caution that the current scientific evidence is still insufficient to recommend the widespread use of lithium for Alzheimer’s disease. Lithium should only be taken under medical supervision because it can cause side effects and interact with other medications.
Researchers stress the importance of large-scale clinical trials to evaluate safe dosages, long-term effects, and the true effectiveness of lithium in improving cognitive function and quality of life.
In summary, low-dose lithium is being considered a promising avenue for Alzheimer’s disease treatment because of its neuroprotective properties and its effects on multiple biological pathways. However, before it can become a standard approach for preventing or treating Alzheimer’s disease, additional clinical studies and stronger scientific evidence are needed.
Source: Medical News Today
